These focus on designing or retrofitting environments to better support people with conditions like autism, ADHD, dyslexia, dyspraxia, and other forms of neurodivergence. These address sensory processing differences (e.g., hypersensitivity or hyposensitivity to light, sound, textures, smells), cognitive needs (e.g., predictability, reduced overload), and preferences for choice, control, and calm.
Traditional accessibility standards (like ADA in the US or Part M in the UK) emphasize physical/mobility access. Neurodivergent design extends this to “invisible” or sensory/cognitive needs, often benefiting everyone through reduced stress and improved focus.
Key Standards and Guidelines
- PAS 6463:2022 – Design for the Mind – Neurodiversity and the Built Environment (British Standards Institution): This is the most prominent formal guide, believed to be the first national standard specifically addressing neurodiversity in the built environment. It covers buildings, external spaces, public/commercial use, and residential settings.Core principles include clarity, comfort, control, and choice (often summarized as “clarity, control, and calm”). It provides recommendations on:
- Lighting (adjustable, diffused, minimize glare/flicker; avoid harsh fluorescents).
- Acoustics (sound absorption, reduced echo/reverberation, quiet zones).
- Wayfinding and layout (predictable, intuitive navigation; clear signage with good contrast; reduced cognitive load).
- Sensory zoning and materials (minimize visual clutter, strong odors, overwhelming patterns/textures).
- Thermal comfort, air quality, and access to nature (e.g., pocket parks or quiet outdoor spaces for regulation).
- Flexibility, stakeholder engagement (including lived experience), and safety features.
- ASPECTSS™ Design Index (Magda Mostafa): An evidence-based framework specifically for autism-friendly design, usable as an assessment and development tool. Key criteria:
- Acoustics: Control noise, echo; vary by activity.
- Spatial Sequencing: Logical flow and predictability in layouts.
- Sensory Zoning: Group spaces by stimulus level (high/low) with transitions.
- Transition Zones: Areas to recalibrate senses.
- Safety: Rounded edges, etc.
- Quiet/Withdrawal Spaces: Low-stimulation respite areas.
- Compartmentalization: Clear, single-function sensory environments.
- Other Resources:
- Stimpunks Neurodivergent Design Standards: Defines levels (ND-1 Friendly, ND-2 Supportive, ND-3 Native) emphasizing proactive design for attention, sensory safety, bodymind breaks, and reduced masking.
- RIBA Inclusive Design Overlay, HOK guides, and various placemaking or campus-specific frameworks.
- Emerging efforts (e.g., in Australia) for national neuro-inclusive standards.
Common Design Recommendations
These draw from the above and broader best practices:
- Sensory Comfort — Adjustable/dimmable lighting (natural + warm LEDs); sound-absorbing materials and quiet zones; neutral colors, minimal patterns/clutter; good ventilation and odor control.
- Predictability & Navigation — Clear, consistent wayfinding; logical spatial flow; visual cues.
- Choice & Flexibility — Variety of spaces (focus pods, collaborative areas, sensory rooms); movable furniture; options for privacy or stimulation.
- Regulation Support — Access to nature, movement-friendly areas, bodymind break spaces.
- Universal Benefits — Many features (e.g., better acoustics, less clutter) improve usability for all users, including those with dementia or migraines.
Implementation is still evolving and not yet mandatory in most building codes (e.g., not fully integrated into US ADA or equivalent everywhere). Best results come from co-design with neurodivergent people.
For practical application, consult the full PAS 6463 document (available via BSI), ASPECTSS resources, or engage specialists. Architects and organizations like Gensler, Stantec, or neurodiversity-focused firms increasingly incorporate these principles. If you’re designing, renovating, or advocating for a specific building type, more tailored advice is possible with additional details.
Orla Huq.
OSA 